Low-energy solutions such as Light Emitting Diodes (LED)–minimize energy consumption and light pollution. LEDs have a long lifespan of 50,000–70,000 hours when not operated at high temperatures.
An emergency power source such as a back-up generator should be considered for lighting along major corridors, especially where electricity supply is unreliable or where storm events may cause power loss.
Alternative power sources such as solar panels or battery-operated lighting are appropriate in areas where power is not always easily accessible, such as informal developments.
Where a complete street lighting network is not feasible, local authorities should consider interim lighting solutions such as portable lanterns. Buildings within certain districts may be required to display or provide spill or signage lighting at night.
